Page 84 - New Round-Up Leaflet

22
The Infinitive / -ing form / -ing/-ed adjectives 2
Το infinitive without to χρησιμοποιείται:
ñ μετά από τα περισσότερα modal verbs (can, must, will κ.λπ.). You can leave now if you want.
ñ μετά από τα had better/would rather. I’d rather not go out tonight. I’d better stay at home.
ñ μετά από τα make/let/see/hear/feel + object. They made him pay for the damage. Στην παθητική
φωνή, όμως, τρέπονται σε be made/be heard/be seen + to infinitive. He was made to pay for the damage.
ñ τα ρήματα know και help ακολουθούνται είτε από to infinitive είτε από infinitive without to. I've
never known him (to) be so mean. Could you help me (to) fix the car? Στην παθητική φωνή, όμως,
τρέπονται σε be known, be helped + to infinitive. She was known to have worked as a teacher.
Το to infinitive χρησιμοποιείται:
ñ για να εκφράσουμε σκοπό. He went to university
to become a lawyer. (in order to become)
ñ μετά από ρήματα όπως: agree, appear,
decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse
κ.λπ. He refused to pay the bill.
ñ μετά από επίθετα που εκφράζουν
συναισθήματα (happy, glad, sorry κ.λπ.). She
was happy to win the prize.
ñ μετά από τα would like/would love/would
prefer κ.λπ. για να εκφράσουμε συγκεκριμένη
προτίμηση.
I would like to see the manager.
ñ μετά από ορισμένα ουσιαστικά.
What a surprise to see him there!
ñ μετά από τα too/enough.
He's too young to have his own car.
He's clever enough to do the crossword.
He's got enough money to live on.
ñ με τη συντακτική δομή it + be + adjective
(+ of + noun/pronoun).
It was generous of him to offer £1,000.
ñ με το so + adjective + as. Would you be so
kind as to help me move the sofa?
ñ με το only για να εκφράσουμε μη
ικανοποιητικό αποτέλεσμα.
She came in only to find Bob had left.
ñ με τη φράση be + the first/second κ.λπ./
next/last/best κ.λπ.
He was the last to come to work.
ñ στην έκφραση for + noun / pronoun + to
infinitive. For him to be so rude was
unforgivable.
ñ στις εκφράσεις: to tell you the truth, to
begin with, to be honest κ.λπ.
To be honest, I don't like him.
Το -ing form χρησιμοποιείται:
ñ ως ουσιαστικό. Walking is good exercise.
ñ μετά από ρήματα όπως: admit, anticipate,
appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny,
discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish,
forgive, go (for activities), imagine, involve, keep
(= continue), mention, mind, miss, object to,
postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect,
report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest,
tolerate, understand κ.λπ.
They discussed selling the company.
“Let's go jogging!” “No, I'd rather go sailing.”
ñ μετά από τα dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer
για να εκφράσουμε γενική προτίμηση. She likes
painting. (in general)
Note: like + to infinitive = it is considered a good
idea
I like to wash my hair every day.
ñ μετά από τις εκφράσεις: I'm busy, it's no use, it's
(no) good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't
help, there's no point (in), can't stand, have
difficulty (in), in addition to, as well as, have
trouble, have a hard/difficult time.
He can't stand being treated like a slave.
He had difficulty finding his way back.
ñ μετά από τα spend/waste (time, money κ.λπ.).
He spends his free time digging (in) the garden.
ñ μετά από προθέσεις. He left the shop without
paying, so he was accused of stealing.
ñ μετά από τa: look forward to, be/get used to, be/
get accustomed to, object to, admit (to) κ.λπ.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
ñ μετά από τα hear, listen, notice, see, watch για
να εκφράσουμε ανολοκλήρωτη πράξη, δηλαδή
κάποιος είδε ή άκουσε μόνο μέρος μιας πράξης.
I saw Tim doing his homework. (Είδα μέρος της
πράξης. Δεν περίμενα μέχρι να τελειώσει ο Tim.)
ΑΛΛΑ Τα hear, listen, see, watch + infinitive
without to εκφράζουν ολοκληρωμένη πράξη,
δηλαδή κάποιος είδε ή άκουσε κάτι από την
αρχή ως το τέλος. I saw Tim do his homework. It
took him an hour. (Είδα όλη την πράξη, από την
αρχή ως το τέλος.)
Note: Αν δύο απαρέμφατα συνδέονται με το
and ή το or, το to του δεύτερου απαρεμφάτου
μπορεί να παραλειφθεί.
I want to call Mr Jones and fax or post him a
letter.