Page 81 - Prime Time 1-5 Leaflet

We use the

past perfect

(had/hadn’t + past participle) for an action that

happened before another action in the past.

He

had left

before she arrived.

Time expressions:

before, after, until, by the time, already, yet

We use the

past perfect continuous

(had/hadn’t + been + verb

-ing

) for an

action that had been happening for a period of time before another action in

the past.

She

had been waiting

for ten hours before help arrived.

Time expressions:

for, since

We can use the past perfect or the past perfect continuous for an action which

finished in the past and whose results were visible in the past.

They were very

happy because they

had managed

to reach the top of the mountain. He was very tired.

He

had been hiking

all day.

(emphasis on duration)

G

rammar

Past perfect & past perfect

continuous

4

Read the theory and find examples in

the text in Ex. 2.

b) Read the text again. Match the

sentences (A-F) to the gaps (1-

5). There is one extra sentence.

A

It crushed Aron’s arm so tightly he

could only feel his fingertips.

B

If he didn’t rescue himself now, he

wouldn’t have the strength to do it later.

C

It was a struggle for him to get free.

D

Aron hasn’t let his accident stop him

from living life to the fullest.

E

He felt sure he would be back before

nightfall.

F

Four days and freezing cold nights

passed with Aron in terrible pain and

surviving on just sips of water and

pieces of chocolate.

c) Match the highlighted words

with their meanings:

tried hard

,

twist

,

inspiring

,

informed

,

far

,

hit

,

mad

,

gap

,

loss of water

,

process

.

5

Put the verbs in the

past perfect

or the

past perfect continuous

.

1

By the time we arrived at the canyon, it ................................

..........................

(stop)

snowing.

2

Jane’s feet were aching because she ......................................

.............................................

(walk)

since early that morning.

3

Most people ..................

(leave)

before the volcano erupted.

4

Simon got lost because he ......................................................

(not/take)

a map with him.

5

Julia and Amy were soaking wet because they .....................

...............................................

(hike)

in the rain.

3

Complete the summary using

words/phrases from the

box in the

correct form.

Check these words

Aron Ralston, an experienced climber, went

on a trip into the remote Blue John

1)

............................... .

He hadn’t told anyone where he was going

and he only had a knife, a small

2)

..................................................., a video

camera and a few snacks with him.

Unfortunately,

3)

........................................

while he was crossing a three-foot-wide

crack in the canyon. A

4)

.............................

slipped and trapped his arm against the

canyon wall. He

5)

............................ to get

free, but he couldn’t. He was trapped for

five days and he suffered from

6)

.............

and

7)

........................... . He decided to cut

off his own arm using a

8)

..................... to

free himself. Meanwhile, his family had

9)

......................................... who managed

to find him walking to his truck.

Today, he has a

10)

......................................

that helps him lead a normal life.

11

b

1

S

peaking &

W

riting

7

Listen and read the text. Imagine you are

interviewing Aron for a TV show. Prepare questions and

answers. Present your TV interview to the class.

TV Presenter: Aron, great to have you on the show! Now, was this the

first time you had gone climbing alone? etc

badly gash your

leg – have stitches

4

slip & break your

arm – put on a cast

5

bang your head –

put ice on it

6

Use the phrases to make sentences. Put the verbs in bold

in the

past perfect

or the

past perfect continuous

. Use the

adjectives in the phrases to talk about you.

1

Jeff/happy –

win

first prize;

2

Lucy/tired –

work

/all morning;

3

Betty/sad –

fail

the test;

4

they/exhausted –

dig

the garden/all

day;

5

Mark/thrilled –

graduate

from college

I was happy because I had passed my test. I was tired because ...

see

p. GR 4

8

Did Aron’s decision surprise you? Why? Do

you agree with his decision? In three minutes, write a

few sentences. Tell your partner or the class.

Think!

Vocabulary Bank 1 pp. VB3-VB4