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115
The Passive 12
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Simple
Past Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Future Simple
Infinitive
Modal + be + past part.
He delivers letters.
He delivered the letters.
He has delivered the letters.
He had delivered the letters.
He is delivering the letters.
He was delivering the letters.
He will deliver the letters.
He has to deliver the letters.
He must deliver the letters.
Letters are delivered.
The letters were delivered .
The letters have been delivered .
The letters had been delivered.
The letters are being delivered .
The letters were being delivered.
The letters will be delivered.
The letters have to be delivered.
The letters must be delivered.
∏ passive Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Ú‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ to be + past participle.
∏ passive ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›ٷÈ:
1 fiÙ·Ó ‰Â ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ, ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·Û›· ‹
Â›Ó·È ÂÌÊ·Ó¤˜ ·fi Ù· Û˘ÌÊÚ·˙fiÌÂÓ· ÔÈÔ˜
¤Î·Ó ÙËÓ Ú¿ÍË (agent).
My car was stolen. (¢Â ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì ÔÈÔ˜ ÙÔ ¤ÎÏ„Â.)
This church was built in 1815. (¢ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·Û›·
·fi ÔÈÔÓ.)
He has been arrested. (¶ÚÔÊ·ÓÒ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ
·ÛÙ˘ÓÔÌ›·.)
2 ÁÈ· Ó· Ê·Óԇ̠ÈÔ Â˘ÁÂÓÈÎÔ› ‹ Â›ÛËÌÔÈ.
The car hasn’t been cleaned. (ÈÔ Â˘ÁÂÓÈÎfi)
(You haven’t cleaned the car. – ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ
¢ÁÂÓÈÎfi)
3 fiÙ·Ó Ì·˜ ÂӉȷʤÚÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ
Ë ›‰È· Ë Ú¿ÍË ·Ú¿ ÔÈÔ˜ ÙËÓ
¤Î·Ó (agent), fiˆ˜ fiÙ·Ó
·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌ·ÛÙ Û ‰È·‰Èηۛ˜,
Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜, ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ·, ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜,
Âȉ‹ÛÂȘ, Ù›ÙÏÔ˘˜ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰ˆÓ ηÈ
‰È·ÊËÌ›ÛÂȘ.
30 people were killed in the earthquake.
Flour and water are mixed in a bowl.
4 ÁÈ· Ó· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙÔ
ÔÈËÙÈÎfi ·›ÙÈÔ (agent).
The new library will be opened by the
Queen.
Listen and repeat. Then act out.
27
Look at all the dust in here! It looks as if
this room hasn’t been cleaned for a month!
Well,
don’t blame me!
I was only hired
a week ago.