27
2
c
Key word transformations
Complete the second sentence so that it has
the same meaning as the first sentence,
using the word given. You must use
between two and five words.
1
The ship sank within an hour.
TOOK
It .................................................... to sink.
2
It last snowed two years ago.
FOR
It ............................................... two years.
3
An hour after John had set off, heavy fog
covered the area.
DRIVING
John ..........................................................
an hour when heavy fog covered the area.
4
It rained hard all day long.
STOP
It ................................................................
all day long.
5
Oliver had never seen a forest fire before.
FIRST
It ................................................................
Oliver had seen a forest fire.
8
Use these adverbs in sentences of
your own:
ago
,
before
,
never
,
already
,
yet
,
last
year
,
ever
,
just
.
a)
Listen to Amy telling Mia
about an experience she had and make
notes.
b)
Now imagine you’re Amy.
Write your English pen-friend an email
about your experience.
9
10
SPEAKING
LISTENING
WRITING
a) Read the examples in the table. When do
we use the past simple/present perfect?
b) Put the verbs in brackets into the
past
simple
or the
present perfect
.
1
It ............................
(not/rain)
for a month.
2
The earthquake .............
(happen)
in 1997.
3
...................
(you/hear)
about the tsunami?
4
They ............................................
(not/fly)
in a plane since the crash.
5
When ................
(the fire/start)
last night?
5
a) Read the theory. Choose the correct option.
1
Ann used to
go/going
skiing before her
accident.
2
Before the tsunami hit the area, locals
would
spend/are used to spending
their evenings at
the beach.
3
They
are getting used to/used to
the heat in
India.
4
The Smiths
lived/would live
in a block of
flats before it collapsed in the earthquake.
b) What did/didn’t you use to do when you
were seven years old? Use these phrases.
• play in the snow • play video games
• go swimming • read books
• watch documentaries • go out with friends
• share my room with my brother/sister
7
Read the story and put the verbs in brackets
into the correct past tense.
6
Past simple vs Present perfect
1
She
called
an hour ago.
2
She
hasn’t called
since last Monday.
3
Bob
has worked
as a firefighter for 10 years.
4
Tom
worked
as a firefighter for 20 years
before he retired.
see p. GR6
Jean and I
1)
............................................
(go)
hiking yesterday. By midday, we
2)
................................
(walk)
for hours and my feet hurt, so we stopped for lunch.
While we
3)
.......................................
(eat)
our sandwiches, we
4)
...............................
(smell)
something burning. Jean quickly
5)
....................................
(climb)
to the top of the next hill and
6)
.............................
(see)
there was a forest fire in the valley –
and it
7)
........................................
(come)
our way!
She remembered we
8)
................................
(cross)
a river earlier
and we headed back towards it. I wasn’t sure we could make it,
though. I
9)
...............................
(see)
a documentary about forest
fires the week before, so I
10)
.................................
(know)
that
fire could travel very fast.We
11)
..........................
(be)
terrified.
Suddenly, I
12)
................................
(feel)
a raindrop fall on my
head. Soon, it was pouring with rain. It
13)
.................................
(rain)
hard for two hours, before it stopped. Relieved, we walked
back home. The rain
14)
......................................
(save)
us
and the forest.
used to/would/be used to
• We can use
would
and
used to
to talk about
past habits.
As a child, I
used to/would spend
my holiday by the sea. What
did
you
use
to do?
• We use
used to
to talk about past states.
I
used to
live by the sea, but now I live in a city.
(NOT:
I would live ...
)
Note:
be/get used to
+ noun/
-ing
form = be/
get accustomed to
We
weren’t used to
such harsh weather conditions.
see p. GR7
Tasks to activate
grammar structures
presented
1...,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,...80